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ASTM E140, Update 12B, – Simple Stiffness Conversion Dining tables to have Gold and silver coins Relationship Among Brinell Stiffness, Vickers Firmness, Rockwell Stiffness, Low Firmness, Knoop Firmness, Scleroscope Firmness, and you will Leeb Firmness
Transformation Dining table step one gift suggestions study about Rockwell C hardness diversity towards the matchmaking one of Brinell hardness, Vickers firmness, Rockwell stiffness, Rockwell superficial stiffness, Knoop firmness, and you can Scleroscope stiffness out of low-austenitic steels plus carbon, metal, and you can device steels in the as-forged, annealed, stabilized, and you will quenched and you may tempered requirements provided that he could be homogeneous.
These types of hardness conversion dating are designed to make use of eg to your following: nickel-aluminum-silicone specimens accomplished so you can commercial factory requirements having hardness evaluation, since the entire set of such metals from their annealed so you’re able to the heavily cooler-spent some time working otherwise ages-hardened requirements, including the intermediate criteria
Conversion process Desk 2 gift suggestions studies in the Rockwell B stiffness range toward relationships certainly Brinell stiffness, Vickers firmness, Rockwell firmness, Rockwell superficial hardness, Knoop hardness, and Scleroscope firmness away from low-austenitic steels including carbon, alloy, and product steels regarding the given that-forged, annealed, normalized, and you can quenched and you will tempered requirements provided that he could be homogeneous.
Conversion Dining table 3 merchandise studies on the matchmaking one of Brinell stiffness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell hardness, Rockwell superficial hardness, and you may Knoop hardness off nickel and you will large-nickel metals (nickel stuff over 50 %).
Conversion Table cuatro gift suggestions studies into dating among Brinell hardness, Vickers stiffness, Rockwell stiffness, and you will Rockwell low stiffness away from cartridge metal.
Conversion Dining table 7 gift ideas research to the relationship one of Brinell firmness, Vickers firmness, Rockwell firmness, Rockwell low firmness, and you may Knoop stiffness from copper.
Conversion Table 8 merchandise study towards matchmaking certainly one of Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness, and Vickers hardness off alloyed white metal.
Sales Desk 9 gift suggestions study to the relationship among Brinell firmness, Vickers hardness, Rockwell firmness, and Rockwell shallow firmness out-of wrought aluminum factors.
Sales Table ten gift ideas data throughout the Rockwell C firmness variety to your relationship certainly one of Leeb (Form of D) firmness, Brinell stiffness, Vickers firmness, and you can Rockwell firmness away from non-austenitic steels also carbon, alloy, and unit steels regarding the as-forged, annealed, stabilized, and you may quenched and you may tempered standards provided that he or she is homogeneous.
Conversion Dining table 5 merchandise research with the relationship between Brinell stiffness and you can Rockwell B hardness regarding austenitic stainless-steel plate regarding annealed status
A few of the sales beliefs displayed here was indeed extracted from computer-produced shape of real attempt investigation. Really Rockwell firmness wide variety is actually made available to brand new nearest 0.1 otherwise 0.5 stiffness number permitting exact reproduction of them curves.
Annex A1 – Annex A10 include equations to transform from 1 stiffness measure to help you other. The fresh new equations offered into the Annex A1 – Annex A9 have been set-up from the analysis within the Tables step 1 so you can nine, respectively. The equations offered inside Annex A10 was basically arranged at that time the brand new Leeb stiffness sample are formulated (select Appendix X2). The information and knowledge from inside the Desk 10 is computed on the Annex A10 equations.
Sales away from stiffness philosophy should be made use of on condition that it is impossible to attempt the material within the conditions specified, and if sales is created it should be through with discernment and below managed conditions. Every type regarding stiffness sample try at the mercy of specific errors, however if precautions was meticulously seen, the new accuracy out of hardness indication generated to your devices of your indentation kind of could well be located comparable. Variations in awareness from inside the list of a given stiffness measure (like, Rockwell B) are greater than ranging from two more balances or sorts of instruments. New transformation values, whether on the dining tables or determined throughout the equations, are just calculate and will getting inaccurate having particular application.
So it all over the world fundamental was made in line with globally approved standards on the standardization established in the brand new ent out-of Around the globe Standards, Books and you may Advice given from the Industry Trade Organization Technology Barriers in order to Change (TBT) Panel.